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Shared sequencer
A shared sequencer is a single sequencing network that orders transactions for several rollups at once, instead of each rollup running its own sequencer. Because it sees their transactions together, it can arrange for linked transactions on two rollups to be handled together or not at all.
What it means for you. A shared sequencer is a point every connected rollup depends on: if it censors, fails or reorders transactions, all of them feel it. Its main promise to users, acting on one rollup and another in one step, depends on the strength of the guarantee: being included in the same batch is not the same as both transactions succeeding.
Sources: Cross-rollup synchronous atomic execution (Ko and Ju, Ethereum Research), Atomic Execution is Not Enough for Arbitrage Profit Extraction in Shared Sequencers (arXiv:2410.11552), SoK: Decentralized Sequencers for Rollups (arXiv:2310.03616) · checked 4 October 2026
Based rollup
A based rollup is a rollup with no sequencer of its own: the main chain's block proposers order its transactions. The next layer 1 proposer can include the next rollup block in its own block without anyone's permission, so the rollup inherits the main chain's ordering and uptime.
What it means for you. On a based rollup, no single operator can stop your transactions or stall the chain unless the main chain itself stalls, which removes a common rollup failure point. The trade-offs are that confirmations follow the main chain's pace unless extra pre-confirmation schemes are added, and ordering value (MEV) goes to main-chain proposers rather than the rollup.
Source: Based rollups: superpowers from L1 sequencing (Justin Drake, Ethereum Research) · checked 4 October 2026