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What was the Pectra upgrade?
Pectra was the Ethereum upgrade of May 7, 2025, joining Prague, on the execution layer, and Electra, on the consensus layer. It let ordinary accounts run smart contract code (EIP-7702), raised the most one validator can stake from 32 to 2,048 ETH, and doubled the target number of blobs.
What it means for you
EIP-7702 lets a wallet add features such as batched transactions or having someone else pay the gas, and it also means signing a single authorisation can hand an account's behaviour to code. Read what a wallet asks you to authorise as carefully as a token approval.
How it works
With EIP-7702 an ordinary account can point to contract code and run it as its own, so accounts gain programmable rules without moving funds to a new address. EIP-7251 lets large stakers merge many 32 ETH validators into fewer, bigger ones. EIP-7691 raised blob capacity from a target of 3 and maximum of 6 per block to 6 and 9, and EIP-7623 made data-heavy calldata costlier to push rollups toward blobs. EIP-7002 lets a validator be exited from the execution layer, and EIP-6110 processes deposits on chain.
Sources: ethereum.org: Pectra, ethereum.org: The history of Ethereum · checked 5 October 2026
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