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Cross-chain messaging
Cross-chain messaging is a way for a smart contract on one blockchain to send instructions or data to a contract on another. It sits underneath many bridges: instead of only moving tokens, it can carry messages such as 'mint this', 'unlock that' or 'record this vote' between chains.
What it means for you. A message from another chain is only as reliable as whoever verifies it. If a small group of signers attests messages, that group colluding or being hacked can tell a contract to release funds that were never deposited. Before using a cross-chain app, check what verifies its messages: the chains' own validators, a light client, or an external committee.
Source: ethereum.org: Bridges · checked 4 October 2026
Bridge
A bridge is a service that moves tokens or information from one blockchain to another. Usually it locks your tokens on the first chain and issues a matching wrapped token on the second, which can be redeemed back through the bridge.
What it means for you. The wrapped token you receive is only worth what the bridge can redeem, so a bridge hack or bug can leave it unbacked; very large sums have been stolen this way. Some bridges are run by a small group of operators who could block or take funds. Check that the destination chain and token address are correct before sending.
Sources: ethereum.org: Blockchain bridges, ECB Macroprudential Bulletin: Decentralised finance, ethereum.org: Bridges (developer docs) · checked 4 October 2026