Founding papers
102 coins’ whitepapers and technical papers, each linked where the project or its authors published it, never a copy from somewhere else. A paper says what a project set out to build, often years before what it does now; each coin page says what it does today. Ask search for any of them: “solana whitepaper”.
Aave
Protocol Whitepaper V1.0 Whitepaper · 2020
Aave V3 Technical Paper Technical paper · 2022 · Emilio Frangella, Lasse Herskind
Aethir
Aethir Whitepaper Whitepaper
Arbitrum
Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Research paper · 2018 · Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, Edward W. Felten
Arbitrum Nitro: A Second-Generation Optimistic Rollup Whitepaper · Harry Ng, Aman Sanghi, Tristan Wilson, Valeria Yermakova, Tsahi Zidenberg
Artificial Superintelligence Alliance
Fetch.ai: An Architecture for Modern Multi-Agent Systems Research paper · 2026 · Michael Wooldridge, Attila Bagoly, Jonathan J. Ward, Emanuele La Malfa, Gabriel P. Licks
Arweave
Arweave: A Protocol for Economically Sustainable Information Permanence Yellow paper · Sam Williams, Viktor Diordiiev, Lev Berman, India Raybould, Ivan Uemlianin
Avalanche
Scalable and Probabilistic Leaderless BFT Consensus through Metastability Research paper · 2020 · Team Rocket, Maofan Yin, Kevin Sekniqi, Robbert van Renesse, Emin Gün Sirer
Axie Infinity
Axie Infinity Whitepaper · 2021
Basic Attention
Basic Attention Token (BAT) Whitepaper · 2021 · Brave Software
Bitcoin
Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System Whitepaper · 2008 · Satoshi Nakamoto
Bitget Token
Whitepaper Bitget Token (BGB) Whitepaper
Bittensor
Bittensor: A Peer-to-Peer Intelligence Market Whitepaper · Yuma Rao
BitTorrent
BitTorrent (BTT) White Paper Whitepaper · 2019
BNB
Binance Smart Chain: A Parallel Binance Chain to Enable Smart Contracts Whitepaper · 2020
BNB Smart Chain Whitepaper · 2024
Canton
Canton Network: A Network of Networks for Smart Contract Applications Whitepaper · 2024 · Digital Asset
Canton Coin: A Canton-Network-native payment application Whitepaper · 2024 · Digital Asset
Cardano
Ouroboros: A Provably Secure Proof-of-Stake Blockchain Protocol Research paper · 2016 · Aggelos Kiayias, Alexander Russell, Bernardo David, Roman Oliynykov
Celestia
LazyLedger: A Distributed Data Availability Ledger With Client-Side Smart Contracts Research paper · 2019 · Mustafa Al-Bassam
Chainlink
ChainLink: A Decentralized Oracle Network Whitepaper · 2017 · Steve Ellis, Ari Juels, Sergey Nazarov
Chainlink 2.0: Next Steps in the Evolution of Decentralized Oracle Networks Whitepaper · 2021 · Lorenz Breidenbach, Christian Cachin, Benedict Chan, Alex Coventry, Steve Ellis, Ari Juels, Farinaz Koushanfar, Andrew Miller, Brendan Magauran, Daniel Moroz, Sergey Nazarov, Alexandru Topliceanu, Florian Tramèr, Fan Zhang
Chiliz
Chiliz White Paper Whitepaper · 2025
Compound
Compound: The Money Market Protocol Whitepaper · 2018 · Robert Leshner, Geoffrey Hayes
Conflux
Scaling Nakamoto Consensus to Thousands of Transactions per Second Research paper · 2018 · Chenxing Li, Peilun Li, Dong Zhou, Wei Xu, Fan Long, Andrew Chi-Chih Yao
Cosmos Hub
Cosmos: A Network of Distributed Ledgers Whitepaper · Jae Kwon, Ethan Buchman
crvUSD
Curve stablecoin design Whitepaper · 2022 · Michael Egorov
Curve DAO
StableSwap - efficient mechanism for Stablecoin liquidity Whitepaper · 2019 · Michael Egorov
Dai
The Sky Protocol: Sky's Multi-Collateral Dai (MCD) System Whitepaper · 2020
Dash
Dash: A Payments-Focused Cryptocurrency Whitepaper · Evan Duffield, Daniel Diaz
EigenCloud (prev. EigenLayer)
EigenLayer: The Restaking Collective Whitepaper · EigenLayer Team
EIGEN: The Universal Intersubjective Work Token Whitepaper · Eigen Labs Team
Ethereum
Ethereum: A Next-Generation Smart Contract and Decentralized Application Platform Whitepaper · 2014 · Vitalik Buterin
Ethereum: A Secure Decentralised Generalised Transaction Ledger Yellow paper · 2025 · Gavin Wood
EURC
EURC White Paper Whitepaper · 2025
Falcon USD
Falcon Finance Whitepaper · 2025 · Andrei Grachev
Filecoin
Filecoin: A Decentralized Storage Network Whitepaper · 2017 · Protocol Labs
Flare
The Flare network and FLR token Whitepaper · 2022 · Flare Networks
FLOKI
Floki Whitepaper Whitepaper
GHO
GHO: A flexible, decentralized stablecoin Technical paper · 2022 · Emilio Frangella, Steven Valeri
Global Dollar
USDG EU Whitepaper Whitepaper · 2026
Gnosis
Gnosis Whitepaper Whitepaper · 2017
Golem
The Golem Project Whitepaper · 2016
Gram (prev. Toncoin)
The Open Network Whitepaper · 2021 · Nikolai Durov
GUSD
The Gemini Dollar: A Regulated Stable Value Coin Whitepaper · Gemini Trust Company, LLC
Hedera
The Swirlds Hashgraph Consensus Algorithm: Fair, Fast, Byzantine Fault Tolerance Technical paper · 2016 · Leemon Baird
Hedera: A Public Hashgraph Network & Governing Council Whitepaper · 2020 · Leemon Baird, Mance Harmon, Paul Madsen
Horizen
Horizen Protocol Whitepaper · 2025 · Horizen Labs Research
HTX DAO
HTX DAO Whitepaper Whitepaper
Injective
INJ: A Programmable Token Economy for Deflationary Acceleration Research paper · 2024 · Injective Research
Internet Computer
The Internet Computer for Geeks Whitepaper · 2023 · The DFINITY Team
IOTA
IOTA Technical and Tokenomics Whitepaper Whitepaper · 2025 · IOTA Foundation
JUST
The USDJ Stablecoin System White Paper Whitepaper · JUST Team
Kaia
Kaia Blockchain White Paper v1.3 Whitepaper
MiCA White Paper Kaia (KAIA) Whitepaper · 2025 · Kaia DLT Foundation
Kaspa
PHANTOM and GHOSTDAG: A Scalable Generalization of Nakamoto Consensus Research paper · 2018 · Yonatan Sompolinsky, Shai Wyborski, Aviv Zohar
Kinesis Gold
Kinesis Monetary System: The Evolution of the Gold Standard Whitepaper · 2020
White Paper: Gold (KAU) Kinesis Minting Programme Whitepaper
Kinesis Silver
Kinesis Monetary System: The Evolution of the Gold Standard Whitepaper · 2020
KuCoin
KCS: A Blockchain-Based Value Self-Circulation Ecosystem Whitepaper · 2022
LayerZero
LayerZero Whitepaper · 2023 · Ryan Zarick, Bryan Pellegrino, Isaac Zhang, Thomas Kim, Caleb Banister
LEO Token
Initial Exchange Offering of LEO Tokens For Use on iFinex Trading Platforms, Products, and Services Whitepaper · 2019
Lido DAO
Lido V3 Technical Paper Technical paper · 2025 · Eugene Pshenichnyy, Eugene Mamin, Max Merkulov, Alexey Potapkin
Lighter
Lighter Protocol: Order Book Matching and Liquidations with Transparent and Verifiable Computation Whitepaper · 2025 · Elliot Technologies, Inc. dba Lighter
Midnight
Nightpaper: A litepaper introducing Midnight Litepaper · 2024
Mina Protocol
Mina: Decentralized Cryptocurrency at Scale Technical paper · 2020 · Joseph Bonneau, Izaak Meckler, Vanishree Rao, Evan Shapiro
Monero
CryptoNote v 2.0 Whitepaper · 2013 · Nicolas van Saberhagen
Ring Confidential Transactions Research paper · 2016 · Shen Noether, Adam Mackenzie, Monero Core Team
Morpho
Morpho Blue Whitepaper Whitepaper · 2023 · Mathis Gontier Delaunay, Paul Frambot, Quentin Garchery, Matthieu Lesbre
MultiversX
MultiversX: A Highly Scalable Public Blockchain via Adaptive State Sharding and Secure Proof of Stake Technical paper · 2019 · The MultiversX Team
NEAR Protocol
Nightshade: Near Protocol Sharding Design Whitepaper · 2019 · Alex Skidanov, Illia Polosukhin
NEXO
NEXO Token White Paper Whitepaper · 2025
OKB
White paper for crypto-assets other than asset-referenced tokens or e-money tokens Whitepaper · 2026
Olympus
Liquid Interest Rate Markets through Olympus Bonds Research paper · Zeus, Indigo
PayPal USD
PYUSD on Solana White Paper Whitepaper
Pendle
A study on AMMs for trading fixed yield and Pendle V2's Principal Token AMM Technical paper · 2022 · Vu Nguyen
Pi Network
Pi Whitepaper Whitepaper · 2019
POL (ex-MATIC)
POL: One token for all Polygon chains Whitepaper · Mihailo Bjelic, Sandeep Nailwal, Amit Chaudhary, Wenxuan Deng
Polkadot
Polkadot: Vision for a Heterogeneous Multi-chain Framework Whitepaper · 2016 · Gavin Wood
Overview of Polkadot and its Design Considerations Research paper · 2020 · Alistair Stewart, Gavin Wood
Pyth Network
Pyth Network: A First-Party Financial Oracle Whitepaper · 2023 · Pyth Data Association
Raydium
Raydium Protocol (RAY) token crypto-asset white paper Whitepaper · 2026
Render
Render Network Whitepaper Whitepaper · 2023
Ripple USD
Ripple USD Whitepaper Whitepaper · 2026
Sei
Sei: The Layer 1 for Trading Whitepaper · Sei Labs
Sky
The Sky Protocol: Sky's Multi-Collateral Dai (MCD) System Whitepaper · 2020
Solana
Solana: A new architecture for a high performance blockchain v0.8.13 Whitepaper · Anatoly Yakovenko
Sonic
Sonic: Where Builders Come First Whitepaper · 2025 · Sonic Labs
Starknet
Scalable, transparent, and post-quantum secure computational integrity Research paper · 2018 · Eli Ben-Sasson, Iddo Bentov, Yinon Horesh, Michael Riabzev
Stellar
The Stellar Consensus Protocol: A Federated Model for Internet-level Consensus Whitepaper · 2016 · David Mazières
Sui
The Sui Smart Contracts Platform Whitepaper · The MystenLabs Team
Tezos
Tezos -- a self-amending crypto-ledger White paper Whitepaper · 2014 · L.M Goodman
The Graph
The Graph: A Decentralized Query Protocol for Blockchains Whitepaper · 2018 · Yaniv Tal, Brandon Ramirez, Jannis Pohlmann
The Sandbox
The Sandbox White Paper Whitepaper · 2020
Theta Network
A Decentralized Video Delivery and Streaming Network Powered by a New Blockchain Whitepaper · 2018
Theta Mainnet 4.0: Introducing Theta Metachain to Power Web3 Businesses Whitepaper · 2022 · Theta Labs
TRON
Advanced Decentralized Blockchain Platform Whitepaper Version: 2.0 Whitepaper · 2018
TrueUSD
TrueUSD: A Tokenized Version of the US Dollar Whitepaper · 2026
Uniswap
Uniswap v2 Core Whitepaper · 2020 · Hayden Adams, Noah Zinsmeister, Dan Robinson
Uniswap v3 Core Whitepaper · 2021 · Hayden Adams, Noah Zinsmeister, Moody Salem, River Keefer, Dan Robinson
USDC
Circle Internet Financial Europe SAS USDC White Paper Whitepaper · 2026
Usual USD
Usual Whitepaper Whitepaper
VeChain
VeChain Whitepaper 2.0 Whitepaper · 2019 · VeChain Foundation
Virtuals Protocol
Virtuals Protocol Whitepaper Whitepaper
WhiteBIT Coin
Whitechain White Paper 1.2 Whitepaper · 2024
Worldcoin
World Whitepapers Whitepaper · 2026
XDC Network
XinFin Network-XDC Consensus Algorithm White Paper (Updated) Whitepaper · 2021 · XinFin (XDC) Hybrid Blockchain R&D Team
XRP
The Ripple Protocol Consensus Algorithm Whitepaper · 2014 · David Schwartz, Noah Youngs, Arthur Britto
Analysis of the XRP Ledger Consensus Protocol Research paper · 2018 · Brad Chase, Ethan MacBrough
Zcash
Zcash Protocol Specification Technical paper · 2026 · Daira-Emma Hopwood, Sean Bowe, Taylor Hornby, Nathan Wilcox
Zebec Network
MiCA White Paper Zebec Network (ZBCN) Whitepaper · 2025
Published, and no longer on the project’s own site
These projects published a paper that their own site and code repository no longer carry. Copies survive on mirror sites, which cannot be checked against the project, so we link none.
Looked for, and none of their own
Many stablecoins, exchange tokens and memecoins never published a paper. We looked on each project’s own site and code repository; a copy found elsewhere cannot be checked against the project, so we link none.
Links go to the project’s own copy, checked on the day shown in search. A broken or wrong link? Tell us and we reply within two business days.